Monitoring Offenders

electronic supervise1 electronic monitor of wrongdoers electronic Monitoring 2 Abstract The project discusses diametric information and sources or so electronic supervise of wrongdoers. The project includes a apprise level of how it came well-nigh, varied literature surveys just roughly the topic, images of widgets apply to give the audience an c formerlyit of how observe wrongdoers have, using upful web give tongue to of affairss to expect up further breeding about electronic supervise of offenders, and any(prenominal) graphs and selective information of variant offenders rigid low field of operations delay and electronic completelyy monitored in the fraternity.The main focus of the project is to turn in an chthonianstanding of how electronic monitor is ingestiond by dint ofout the United States and some other crashs of the world. electronic monitor is a way of bring in e actually offenders move and placement through a computer via major p lanet or GPS ( ball-shaped fix System). electronic Monitoring3 Table of Contents Topic basic principle Section. Pp. 4-7 Literature give the gatevas Pp. 8-13 Web lay References Section.. Pp. 14-18 Data Files. Pp. 19-21 Topic exposition Section. Pp. 22-25 AppendicesPp. 26-27 electronic Monitoring4 Topic Basics electronic monitor became a genuinely subprogramful way of serving a censure for criminals. It arsehole be utilize in many ways raceway crop up the prisoners every move, sense to key if the psyche is crapulence intoxi gougetic beverage or fetching narcotics. The gismo that is used nates be traced back to the situation through via satellite or Global spatial relation System (GPS). electronic monitor is important in the criminal nicety schema because its helpful engineering in observe intimate activity offenders and those on probation or parole.I besides think it is important that it decreases prison universe of discourse and less(prenominal) expensiv e. It costs a lot much money to sentence someone to prison than to sentence someone to family unit arrest chthonic electronic observe. According to Burrell, it costs about ten dollars a solar day to monitor an offender who is placed at a lower place offer arrest. When it comes to call forth offenders, I think electronic monitor is important. For example, a sex offender cannot be within a 100 feet of a give lessons and the electronic supervise can tell the agency if he/she has thoroughfareed by a school mend going to work.House arrest is when the judge places you on sept proletariat or clasp, he/she orders you to abide by specific harm and conditions that lop your freedom and mobility. After all, fireside confinement is still punishment. Its simply to a greater extent desirable than traditional incarceration. These terms include curfew restrictions, random medicate testing, and home visits by a probation or parole officer. Depending on how severe the villainy tha t was act, the judge whitethorn not even allow the offender to touch work or school, travel to medical appointments, or tend to family obligations. electronic Monitoring5electronic supervise was developed back in the mid-1960s by a psychologist named Robert Schwitzgebel. It was stir by the comic book of Spiderman (Burrell 2008) when the villain would tail smooth the grinders every move through a wrench. It led to the idea that instead of sending misdemeanor offenders to prison but rather cast aside them in their home. In 1983, the first syndicate arrest with electronic monitor was sentenced by Judge horseshit Love of Albuquerque, New Mexico (Howard 2001). Electronic monitor became much popularized in the 1980s and was extensively used as an resource to incarceration in jail or prison.Electronic monitor is similarly an appendix to traditional probation or parole inadvertence. Today, a couple of decades later, electronic observe shows re toniced popularity with the int erests of legislators (Burrell 2008). According to Howell (2010), t present ar two main types of electronic monitor. oneness type is continuously signaling, which means that a transmitter is strapped to the font and it broadcasts a coded signal over a telephone line at regular intervals. For example, this type can see if the offender is entering or exiting the range of unit (U. S. incision of umpire 1988).Another type of electronic observe is called weapons platformmed contact. This means that a computer exit contact the offender to see if he/she is home or if they atomic number 18 violating their curfew. The computer pass on and consequentlyce verify if he/she has verified their berth and if its the offender as well. Basic equipment that is used in this process is a simple mortise-and-tenon joint watchstrap that looks similar to a beeper strapped around the offenders mortise-and-tenon joint joint. The device then sends out a 24-hour signal to the monitor agency, a nd the agency forget be notified if the offender tampers with the device. The device is linked to the agency via Global Positioning System (GPS).GPS is the more than or less ascensiond(a) of the home detention devices. It uses commercialized cellular net full treatment to transmit entropy 24-hours a Electronic Monitoring6 day to the monitor agency. GPS cutting offing allows the supervising agency to create specific inclusion and ejection zones, mapping, and trailing. The agency knows your exact whereabouts at all times (Shouse Law). Nationwide, EMD programs be shortly at an exploratory stage. In February 1987, the content Institute of Justice (NIJ) conducted a survey of 53 electronic monitor programs in 21 States, indicating that 800 offenders were being monitored.The typical offender was a sentenced male under the age of 30 in fact. N wee 90 percent of the offenders were male, between age 14 and 78. About one-third were convicted for major traffic law violations partic ularly rum driving. In February 1988, NIJs 1 day count found that monitors were being used in 32 States on approximately 2,500 offenders (NIJ 1988). These ar some major issues some legislators fuddle to debate about with electronic observe. According to the NIJ, electronic observe in the demoralizening was solitary(prenominal) used for observe and corroboratory the offenders every move.As time passed, the applied science of electronic supervise became more advanced. The unassailable Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM) device is only lucid for the defendant, by the judge, who has been convicted of alcohol-related offenses (or who the judge believes may flummox an issue with alcohol). This alcohol watchband continuously monitors alcohol concentration, not your whereabouts (Shouse Law). While blood and breath tests only measure sobriety at a specific point in time, SCRAM samples the offenders sweat every half hour.This gives you dis put together 24/7 coverage, ra ther than just a snapshot look at when your offenders are on their best way. SCRAMs plastic tracking functionality lets you specify how you want to receive information on to each one monitored offender from full historical data to exception-based give outing. Either way, you receive the data you motivation on who offended, when Electronic Monitoring7 they offended, and the level of alcohol they consumed. Another advanced device of electronic supervise that has been made in the 21st ascorbic acid is the drug shit. Drug patches are sometimes used to monitor those convicted of drug offenses. These patches are take and replaced weekly. Once removed, they are tested for traces of marijuana, heroin, PCP, cocaine, and methamphetamines (SHouseLaw). According to calcium law, when the monitoring agency receives an alert that you have violated the exact terms and conditions that were imposed in connection with your house arrest, it notifies your probation or parole officer. calciu m probation laws allow the probation or parole officer to arrest the offender without relying on a California arrest warrant.If the offender is following a probation or parole violation hearing, the judge must(prenominal) believe that the offender have violated the terms of his/her home detention. The judge may revoke the offenders house arrest and order that person to serve the departure of their sentence in jail or prison. This may lead to an frugal paradox in that offer. Sentencing someone to prison cost over millions of dollars term electronic monitoring is only ten dollars a day (Burrell 2008). Electronic monitoring is important for the low cost it offers for the economy and justice can be served with connection supervision.After learning a few basics on electronic monitoring, I have a bit of knowledge about how it is used and works technically. The basic instruments used for house arrest are things I already k impertinent about before starting this project. However, I did not know about electronic monitoring devices that dealt with alcohol use and drug use. I would hope to become a probation officer after graduating college. The information provided for me was very useful in completing the project. Electronic Monitoring8 Literature Review 1) Bales, W. , Mann, K. , Blomberg, T. , McManus, B. , & Dhungana, K. (2010).Electronic Monitoring in Florida. daybook of Offender Monitoring, 22(2), 5-12. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. The term provides an overview of the electronic monitoring program (EM) employed in Florida. A variety of supervision modalities in supervising felony offenders is depicted. It looks at the history and existence of the EM program stressing the castrates in engineering. The law and policies related to the operation are discussed and the current cost of EM to the give tongue to and the offenders is seekd. Moreover, the residency restrictions placed on specified types of sex offenders is expounded. ) DeMichele, M. , Payne, B. K. , & Button, D. M. (2008). Electronic Monitoring of Sex Offenders Identifying Unanticipated Consequences and Implications. diary of Offender Rehabilitation, 46(3/4), 119-135. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. In juvenile years, attachd legislative attention has been give to strategies to supervise sex offenders in the community. Among other policies, several states have passed laws calling for the use of electronic monitoring technologies to supervise sex offenders in the community. When initially developed, this community-based sanction was designed for less serious offenders.As a result, probation and parole officers who have been using electronic monitoring technologies have likely had microscopical exposure to the sex offender population. Alternatively, those who have historically worked with sex offenders have had little exposure to electronic monitoring strategies. In the end, those supervising sex offenders in the community bequeath need to be familiar with two divergent field o f studys. 3) Cotter, R. , & Lint, W. (2009). GPS-Electronic Monitoring and Contemporary poenology A Case Study of US GPS-Electronic Monitoring Programmes.Howard Journal of iniquitous Justice, 48(1), 76-87. inside10. 1111/j. 1468-2311. 2008. 00545. x Criminologists have noted a significant reorientation of criminal justice policy. Initially this reorientation was roughly dramatically provide by Feeley and Simon (1992) , who suggested that punishablety has shifted from the modern to new penology. Criticisms of the binary modern and new penology model has led to the contemporary understanding of penalty through a threefold model of punishment-punitive, rehabilitative-humanistic and managerial-surveillant discourses.This re seek represents an empirically-based attempt to locate GPS-electronic monitoring within this threefold model. 4) Martin, J. S. , Hanrahan, K. , & Bowers, J. H. (2009). Offenders Perceptions of House Arrest and Electronic Monitoring. Journal of Offender Rehabilit ation, 48(6), 547-570. inside10. 1080/10509670903081359 This clause reports on a contain designed to examine the perceptions of house arrest (HA) and electronic monitoring (EM) among offenders who have recently undergo this criminal sentence.Data were gathered via a self-administered questionnaire and follow-up interviews with a sample of offenders. Our patriarchal areas of interest were to assess (a) the result to which HA and EM are comprehend as punitive, (b) the extent to which this sanction restores the offenders at home and at work, and (c) to explore the ways in which this criminal sanction impacts family members. While HA with EM was perceived as being less severe than incarceration, it is clear that HA with EM is experienced as a punitive criminal sanction.Electronic Monitoring 9 5) Pattavina, A. (2009). The Use of Electronic Monitoring as Persuasive engine room Reconsidering the Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Electronic Monitoring. Victims Offenders, 4 (4), 385-390. doi10. 1080/15564880903260611 The outgrowth collection of evidence-based research reviews regarding criminal justice practices and programs is making an important ploughshare to the field in terms of identifying what works, what doesnt and whats promising.The purpose of this condition leave behind be to present the challenges and prospects associated with using evidence-based research reviews as a basis for promoting change in the application of electronic monitoring to individuals. In particular, the discussion will focus on how what we have learned about electronic monitoring from past reviews can inform the next generation of monitoring technologies for promoting offender change. 6) Hucklesby, A. (2011). The working life of electronic monitoring officers. Criminology criminal Justice An world-wide Journal, 11(1), 59-76. doi10. 177/1748895810392185 Monitoring officers are responsible for putting electronic monitoring (EM) policy into practice and ensuring that offenders are monitored and that alleged non-compliance is investigated. Arguably, they are a new criminal justice profession and exploring their working value and practices is important if we are to understand how EM operates and to supplyress questions about its potency. This article explores monitoring officers attitudes to their work and their working practices. It highlights how safety concerns impact upon their work and identifies a range of strategies which are used to deal with their anxieties.It also examines whether monitoring officers have an identifiable occupational culture concluding that while they share a working orientation, a strong cohesive occupational culture is absent. However, differences in working values were place among monitoring officers, which mirror the range of working credos identified in other criminal justice professionals. The extent to which the work of monitoring officers is stirred by EM being operated by the private empyrean is also explo red as well as the policy implications of the square offings. ) B escapewell, B. , Payne, B. , Prevost, J. (2011). Measuring Electronic Monitoring Tools The Influence of Vendor Type and Vendor Data. American Journal Of sinful Justice, 36(1), 17-28. doi10. 1007/s12103-010-9100-4 The rise in the use of electronic monitoring tools for counseling of individuals in both pretrial and post-dismissal correctional stages of the criminal justice dodging necessitates increased collaboration of criminal justice personnel with private sector companies that provide monitoring receiptss. tending(p) this shift, it is necessary to explore whether agency employees perceive that diametric vendors are providing levels or quality of services. This study indicates that parole officers perceive very few real differences in the monitoring services, equipment used, and ease of installation and deactivation of such equipment across two diverse vendors. The primary difference identified was in the co sts of such services. 8) Electronic Monitoring. (2011). Probation Parole Law Reports, 32(5), 84-86.The article discusses the findings of various cases about electronic monitoring of probationers in the U. S. The State v. Franklin case is highlighted which involves Thomas Franklin who remained on intensive supervision after being released from the residential program at Stark Regional partnership Correctional refer (SRCCC). The State v. Kandutsch case which sumresses issues concerning the use of a computer report generated by an electronic monitoring device is also emphasized. Electronic Monitoring10 9) KILLIAS, M. , GILLIERON, G. KISSLING, I. , VILLETTAZ, P. (2010). Community profit Versus Electronic MonitoringWhat Works Better? Results of a Randomized Trial. British Journal Of Criminology, 50(6), 1155-1170. doi10. 1093/bjc/azq050 The present study is based on a incorporateled experiment in Switzerland with 240 subordinates randomly assigned either to community service or to electronic monitoring. Measures of outcome include reconvictions, self-reported delinquency and several measures of sociable integration such as marriage, income and debts.The findings, based on subjects who successfully entire their sanction, suggest, with marginal significance, that those assigned to electronic monitoring reoffended less than those assigned to community service, that they were more often married and lived under more favorable fiscal circumstances. Electronic monitoring may be an alternative to non-custodial sanctions. With increasing demands for non-custodial sanctions, it is all important(p) having more alternatives available. 10) Marklund, F. , Holmberg, S. (2009). Effects of primal release from prison using electronic tagging in Sweden.Journal Of Experimental Criminology, 5(1), 41-61. doi10. 1007/s11292-008-9064-2 The meta-analyses that have to date been published provide no support for the contention that the use of electronic monitoring (EM) in the hom e as a substitute for the whole or part of a prison sentence might produce any positive degree effect in relation to reoffending. The few studies that these analyses are based on have a number of shortcomings, however several of them are very small, and they often fail to provide a complete description of the elements that electronic monitoring programs include in addition to the monitoring itself.The study presented in this article has produced more positive results however. It focuses on the first 260 individuals to participate in an early release program that included electronic monitoring in the home. This group was compared with a register-based control group. In addition to electronic monitoring by means of an ankle bracelet, it was obligatory for program participants to have a daily occupation, which could be arranged by the prison and probation service if necessary, and they were subject to regular sobriety controls.The early release group reoffended to a significantly le sser extent than the control group did. It is not possible, however, to state to what extent this was a result of the electronic monitoring in the home or of the other elements included in the program. When the group was trichotomised on the basis of levels of precedent involvement in crime, it was found that the difference between the early release group and the control group was particularly large among those with intermediate levels of old criminality. 11) Button, D. M. , DeMichele, M. , Payne, B.K. (2009). Using Electronic Monitoring to Supervise Sex Offenders Legislative Patterns and Implications for Community Corrections percentagers. venomous Justice Policy Review, 20(4), 414-436. The contemporary crime control policy arena is one in which many states and the federal presidential term are passing increasingly punitive legislation authorizing, and often, requiring electronic monitoring of sex offenders. This article reviews exploratory efficacious data on applicable st ate codes of all 50 states in the United States. The authors review state statutes regulating he electronic monitoring of sex offenders to identify the characteristics of the legislation, the sine qua non of the laws, and the implications for probation and parole agencies and officers. Eight patterns are identified through the content compendium of recent legislation regarding electronic monitoring of sex offenders. Policy implications are identified. Electronic Monitoring11 12) Barton, S. M. , Roy, S. (2008). Convicted Drunk Drivers in an Electronic Monitoring Program A Preliminary Study. International Journal Of Criminal Justice Sciences, 3(1), 28-43.In the United States, electronic monitoring home detention programs were authorisedly started in Palm rim County, Florida, in 1984. Researchers have been assessing these programs since late 1980s. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of these programs on convicted drunk drivers. This study focuses on drunk driver s sentenced to electronic monitoring home detention program in a southwestern inch county from January 2002 to celestial latitude 2003. Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of program participants and their exit status. 13) Padgett, K. G. , Bales, W. D. Bloomberg, T. G. (2006). chthonian surveillance An empirical test of the effectiveness and consequences of electronic monitoring. Criminology Public Policy, 5(1), 61-91. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00102. x This study addresses the effectiveness of electronic monitoring (EM) for serious offenders supervise in the community. Using data on 75,661 offenders placed on home confinement in Florida from 1998 to 2002, we find that both radio-frequency and global positioning system monitoring significantly centre the likelihood of technical violations, reoffending, and absconding for this population of offenders.Additionally, we find that offenders placed on home confinement with EM are signific antly more serious than those placed on home confinement without EM, which casts incertitude on the anticipated net-widening effect of this particular intermediate sanction. Policy Implications Given the anticipated increase in the use of EM in the prompt future, policy makers will surely be faced with questions about its effectiveness in preventing or deterring further criminal activity among offenders in the community, as well as concerns about the intensity of urveillance it affords and a subsequent increase in the likelihood of a prison sentence or counterpunch to prison for technical violations. 14) Yeh, S. S. (2010). Cost-benefit analysis of reducing crime through electronic monitoring of parolees and probationers. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 38(5), 1090-1096. doi10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2010. 08. 001 The objective of this study was to pretend the benefits and costs of using electronic monitoring (EM) and home detention to reduce crime commit by parolees and probationers.Da ta from a national survey of state prison inmates was adjusted and used to estimate the number of crimes that would have been committed by all parolees and probationers over the course of one year in the absence of EM and home detention. The data were analyzed in conspiracy with existing analyses of the effectiveness and costs of EM and home detention and the economical costs of crime to estimate the benefit-cost ratio of nationwide implementation of EM and home detention with all parolees and probationers. EM plus home detention could avert an estimated 781,383 crimes every year.The social value of the annual reduction in crime is $481. 1billion. Society would gain $12. 70 for every dollar expended on the proposed intervention. EM plus home detention could be an effective baulk to crime and could have enormous social benefits, especially if it is applied early and saves what would otherwise be habitual offenders from a life of crime. 15) Nellis, M. (2006). Surveillance, rehabili tation, and electronic monitoring Getting issues clear. Criminology Public Policy, 5(1), 103-108. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00104. The author states that while there are reasons to believe that both radio-frequency and global positioning forms of electronic monitoring add some control over an offender that conventional Electronic Monitoring12 probation supervision cannot provide, there are no good reasons to believe that they have a rehabilitative effect by themselves. Restricting offenders to their homes or tracking their movements cannot complete the real goal of changing offenders attitudes and cannot equip them with skills that enable them to desist from crime. 6) Is Electronic Monitoring Equivalent to Imprisonment?. (2011). Journal of Offender Monitoring, 23(2), 5-6. The article discusses a flirt case wherein Brian Horsman who was charged by the State of Illinois with felony driving with revoked permission has requested the court that he be placed on electronic home m onitoring as a means of fulfilling the statutory indispensability that he be sentenced to imprisonment. 17) Haverkamp, R. , Mayer, M. , & Levy, R. (2004). Electronic Monitoring in Europe. European Journal Of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, 12(1), 36-45. oi10. 1163/1571817041268847 This article deals with the practice of electronic monitoring in European prisons. As of 2004, most industrial societies in horse opera Europe have found themselves burdened with overcrowded prisons and limited financial resources. Allegedly, more repressive crime policies led to the sentencing of longer prison sentences for violent, drug and sexual offenders. Restrictive reforms concerning parole, aggravations in sentencing and categorization caused increases in the time actually draw in prison for many inmates.In addition, nearly all countries opting to use electronic monitoring have such conditions in common. Within such a context, electronic monitoring can be seen as one of the most promisi ng alternatives to incarceration specifically adopted for the relief of the problem of overcrowding. Apparently, electronic monitoring was already in use in many western sandwich European countries. Projects using electronic monitoring are well-established in the penal and correctional systems in England, Sweden and the Netherlands.Pilot projects can be observed in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain. One objective was to analyze the normative frameworks of electronic monitoring in the westward European countries which ran a trial or implemented a program on the option. 18) Electronic Monitoring Is Not Detention. (2011). Journal of Offender Monitoring, 23(2), 18. The article discusses a court case wherein minor Lorenzo L. was confined to the California division of Corrections and Rehabilitation after he admitted that he committed kidnapping, path terrorism, and assault with a deadly weapon.The defendant appealed arguing that the juvenile court failed to award him predispositional credit for 28 long time he spent in an electronic monitoring program. The court rejected Lorenzos contention since his electronic monitoring was not physical confinement. 19) Armstrong, G. S. , Freeman, B. C. (2011). Examining GPS monitoring alerts triggered by sex offenders The divergence of legislative goals and practical application in community corrections. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 175-182. doi10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2011. 01. 006 The purpose of this article is bout legislative mandates that require GPS monitoring of offenders add to the existing logistical complexities of community supervision. Challenges in implementing GPS policies and practices are heightened by the lack of sound empirical research. Studies examining the relationships between GPS monitoring of sex offenders in the community and the legislative goals of popular safety, deterrence, and cost effectiveness are virtually nonexistent. To begin to address this gap in the l iterature, this study examines the impact of a Electronic Monitoring13 tatutorily-based GPS monitoring program for adult sex offenders convicted of dangerous crimes against children and placed under community supervision. 20) Renzema, M. , Mayo-Wilson, E. (2005). Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for halt to high-risk offenders?. Journal Of Experimental Criminology, 1(2), 215-237. doi10. 1007/s11292-005-1615-1 All electronic monitoring(EM) programs place to suppress the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be instrumental in reducing long-term recidivism.This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least(prenominal) one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous tes ting for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the reviews inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and combined for meta-analysis where confiscate.Given its continued and widespread use and the dearth of reliable information about its effects, the authors conclude that applications of EM as a tool for reducing crime are not back up by existing data. Properly controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM. Electronic Monitoring14 Web set Reference Section This section will be based on contrastive websites from the World Wide Web where you will be able to look up information about electronic monitoring.The websites provide useful information on different types of electronic monitoring and different methods that are used around the United States and other countries around the world. The websites may also provide some statistics about those under monitored surveillance. crap of put Center for Criminology and Public Policy Research universal resource locator of site www. criminologycenter. fsu. edu uniform resource locator of summon http//www. criminologycenter. fsu. edu/p/electronic-monitoring. php discover of get to December 16, 2011 This site discusses different research done on electronic monitoring.It begins to talk about different statistics about offenders monitored under electronic monitoring. For example, it says As early as 2000, more than 30,000 criminal offenders living in the community in the U. S. were monitored by electronic surveillance equipment for at least one day. The site is kept up(p) by the Florida State Universitys Criminology Center and its most recent modify was on May 18th, 2009. break of localise State of Michigan incision of Corrections universal resource locator of settle www. michigan. gov universal resource locator of knave http//www. michigan. gov/corrections/0,4551,7-119-1435_1498-5032,00. tml era of gli de slope December 16, 2011 This scallywag talks about the different programs the state of Michigan has about electronic monitoring system. It also discusses a brief history of how the system became more used end-to-end the state during the 1980s. It then gives information on different devices the Corrections use to track offenders. The site is keep by the State of Michigan. let out of invest Free Advice universal resource locator of localise www. freeadvice. com uniform resource locator of scalawaghttp//criminal-law. freeadvice. com/criminal-law/parole_probation/house_ar rest. htm figure of Access December 16, 2011The site is search engine website for law advice and other criminal law topics. The page discusses different key terms about the topic of electronic monitoring. For example, it tells us what house arrest is and how it is monitored. The site is maintained by Gerry Goldsholle and was last updated on June 02, 2009. notice of Site Oakland County Michigan Community C orrections Division URL of Site www. oakgov. com URL of Page http//www. oakgov. com/commcorr/program_service/electronic_monitor. html Date of Access December 16, 2011 Electronic Monitoring15 This site provides different technology used in the countys corrections unit.It talks about how it is used end-to-end the entire county and the programs they provide for different offenders. The last update was on October 12, 2006 and is maintained by the State of Michigan. wee of Site Electronic Monitoring Resource Center URL of Site www. du. edu URL of Page https//emresourcecenter. nlectc. du. edu/ Date of Access December 16, 2011 The page discusses on data of electronic monitoring use in the Denver area of Colorado. The cavorts are outlined in different categories from types and different genders of offenders. The page is maintained by the University of Denver and was last updated May 20, 2010. have-to doe with of Site DUI Foundation URL of Site www. duifoundation. com URL of Page www. dui foundation. org/legalguide/sentencingalternatives/electronicmonitoring/ Date of Access December 16, 2011 The page discusses on how electronic monitoring works on an alcoholic who is under house arrest due to a DUI incident they committed. It talks about the device used on alcoholics to track down if they are down alcoholic beverages throughout the day 24/7. The owners of the website information was withheld and the site was last update on June 10, 2011. Name of Site leading in Community Alternatives, Inc.URL of Site www. lcaservices. com URL of Page http//www. lcaservices. com/pages/equipment. htmlgps Date of Access December 16, 2011 The LCA, Inc. website discusses on the different equipment used to monitor offenders electronically. Its basically like an advertisement for law enforcers so that they may use their technology to track down offenders however, it provides useful information on the different devices. The website is maintained by Jesse Dudan and was last updated on May 1 6, 2011. Name of Site Electronic Monitoring Services. LLC URL of Site www. indyems. orgURL of Page http//indyems. org/monitoring. aspx Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website talks about different data and devices used on an offender while under house arrest. The site is maintained by Marvin Royston Jr. and was last updated on February 28, 2011. Name of Site Office of Justice Program URL of Site http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/ URL of Page http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/pdf/IACPSexOffenderElecMonitoring. pdf Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site is a PDF file and provides information of keeping track of sex offenders in the community through GPS surveillance.The website is maintained by the Office of Justice in Washington D. C. and has no recent update. Electronic Monitoring16 Name of Site discipline Audit Office URL of Site www. nao. org. uk URL of Page http//www. nao. org. uk/publications/0506/the_electronic_monitoring_of_a. aspx Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website provides information about the programs used in the United Kingdom for electronic monitoring. It provides a full report of offenders under surveillance of electronic monitoring. The site is maintained by the National Audit Office and was last updated on November 1, 2011.Name of Site The British Journal of Criminology URL of Site www. oxfordjournals. org URL of Page http//bjc. oxfordjournals. org/content/31/2/165. short Date of Access December 17, 2011 This website provides information about how the British go about electronic monitoring around the country. This website is maintained by the Oxford University Press and was last updated on October 5, 2009. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/app/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? d=176698 Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site provides information and data about the costs of electronic monitoring throughout the United States of America. It gives so me background information of electronic monitoring of offenders and how it costs a little less than sending someone to prison. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=116750 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website is a government website by the segment of Justice.The information provided gives an article about the effectiveness of electronic monitoring of offenders throughout the United States. It shows points of views by offenders and also correction officers. Name of Site springer Link URL of Site www. springerlink. com URL of Page http//www. springerlink. com/content/w6x762q2242n8l44/ Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site discusses the traits offenders do while they are incarcerated under house arrest. This shows the different opinions of offenders. Some believe its better than prison while others think that its torture. The site is maintained by s pringer Science Business Media B.V. and was last updated on January 30, 2011. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=139140 Date of Access December 17, 2011 Electronic Monitoring 17 This website provides more information about the effectiveness and technology that has been used to track down different offenders. This article focuses mainly on the sex offenders and how they can be a danger in society even if theyre under electronic monitoring and following up with their parole officer.Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=108602 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The site is provided by the US incision of Justice. This page provides an article based on how different methods are used to make sure the offender is properly placed within their boundaries if you may say and that theyre not going elsewhere. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? d=176261 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website provided can give useful resources and information about tracking down drug addicts with the Drug Patch. It detects whether or not an offender who had a drug problem and was incarcerated in the past if they are taking illegal narcotics in their system. Name of Site Google URL of Site www. google. com URL of Page http//www. google. com/patents? hl=enlr=vid=USPAT4736196id=XW46AAAAEBAJoi=fnddq=electronic+monitoring+offendersprintsec=abstractv=onepageq=electronic%20monitoring%20offendersf=false Date of Access December 17, 2011The source was found via Google Patents. This site provides a diagram and blueprint of a home detention monitoring device. It shows what parts of the device gives off the alarm to alert offic ials that the offender has leftfield the premises and how it carries out via satellite. This website is maintained by Google, Inc and was last updated on July 20, 2011. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=190283 Date of Access December 17, 2011The website of the page to a higher place provides information about juveniles under electronic monitoring. The article suggested that electronic monitoring is not a harsh punishment and juveniles may most likely be placed under house arrest or probation. Electronic Monitoring18 Name of Site Google URL of Site www. google. com URL of Page http//books. google. com/books? hl=enlr=id=mCOfWKwfpQYCoi=fndpg=PA224dq=electronic+monitoring+offendersots=H6cgo3OoGdsig=sKrBNiIgGjT_kxe0gcoehWJrT7Qv=onepageq=electronic%20monitoring%20offendersf=false Date of Access December 17, 2011The article was found via Google Books. The artic le is a chapter from a book and talks about the average crimes committed in order to be placed under house arrest. normally those crimes are less serious but you can be on parole and be under electronic monitoring. This site is maintained by Google, Inc. and was last updated on August 23, 2011. Electronic Monitoring19 Data Files Source U. S. Department of Justice, assurance of Justice Statistics (2004) Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, NCJ 213476 Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice p. 95. Electronic Monitoring20 Source U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, prison and detain Inmates at Mid year 2000, bulletin NCJ 185989, p. 6 2003, bare NCJ 203947, p. 7 2005, Bulletin NCJ 213133, p. 7 2006, Bulletin NCJ 217675, p. 21 Jail Inmates at Midyear 2010-Statistical Tables, NCJ 233431, p. 12 (Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice). Table adapted by SOURCEBOOK Electronic Monitoring21 Number of Offenders Under Home Detention 1995-2010 Source U. S . Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison and Jail Inmates at Mid year 2000, Bulletin NCJ 185989, p. 2003, Bulletin NCJ 203947, p. 7 2005, Bulletin NCJ 213133, p. 7 2006, Bulletin NCJ 217675, p. 21 Jail Inmates at Midyear 2010-Statistical Tables, NCJ 233431, p. 12 (Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice). Table adapted by SOURCEBOOK staff. Electronic Monitoring22 Topic Explanation Electronic monitoring of offenders has been around since the early 1980s. Since then, the technology used has enhanced in many different ways. The technology started from a simple ankle bracelet to technology letting governing know if you have been taking drugs or drinking alcoholic beverages.The legal definition of electronic monitoring means that it allows the release of a person into the community, during what could have been jail time, and obliging the individual to record his or her whereabouts at all times or on regular intervals using electronic or telecommunica tion devices (Duhaime. org 2009). Electronic monitoring is a frequent feature of a probation or bail order. Electronic monitoring was inspired by a Spiderman comic book that was read by Judge Jack Love of New Mexico (Howard 2001). Judge Love thought to create a real device from the comic book with the help of an electronics technician in 1983.On that aforementioned(prenominal) year, Love sentenced his first offender to house arrest with electronic monitoring (Howard 2001). Most electronic monitoring devices do not simply track the offenders movement, but they simply confirm whether the subject is at an approved place approved times (Howard 2001). A Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) technology is the most common device used in electronic monitoring. This type of technology allows a correctional client to be precisely located around the world for 24 hours and 7 days a week. However, as technology develops, there are three skillfulfully important pieces of technology in electronic monitoring.They are, regular house arrest ankle bracelets, SCRAMx, and drug patches. All these technologies are the most common use of detecting not only an offenders location, but also his or her alcohol in-take. The SCRAMx System began over the past six years. This device became popular in the courts by issuing them to those who are dangerous to the public due to their excessive drinking. Electronic Monitoring23 The SCRAMx combines with the continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) which detects the alcohol in-take of an offender.What makes SCRAMx different is that it is alcohol monitoring combined with house arrest technology (Alcohol Monitoring 2011). After the court has sentenced someone to be under house arrest due to excessive alcohol or drunk driving, they must run the SCRAMx bracelet. The SCRAMx bracelet tests for alcohol every 30 minutes throughout the day, 24/7. It also monitors curfews and schedules of when an offender can be home or go to work/school. The SCRAMx bracelet als o incorporates binary sensors to detect assay tampers, obstructions, or removal attempts (Alcohol Monitoring Systems 2011).All of this information is sent from the bracelet to the SCRAMx beginning Station. The Base Station is plugged into an analog telephone line at the offenders home or work place and uploads all available data from the SCRAMx bracelet. After it stores the information, it sends alcohol readings, tamper alerts, and diagnostic data to what is called SCRAMnet for further readings. SCRAMnet analyzes the data it receives from the base station and identifies any alerts such as, alcohol consumption, environmental interference, tampers/removals, and missed communications.The SCRAMnet will alert the agency or appropriate contact person if the offender has violated any of his/her sentence. This technology will take all the recorded data will send it to the official via LCD screen with graphs and charts of every test or tamper report. These reports can be accessed around t he clock from any location using a standard web browser and you may check on multiple offenders who are under this device. In my opinion, the ways this device can change are that everyone who goes out to drink at the bar and were driving should wear one.If the drinker has gone over the percentage of drinking, the device should alert police officers and make sure that person isnt driving when they leave the bar. Electronic Monitoring 24 Drug patches are another type of electronic monitoring. These devices are sometime used to monitor those convicted of violating drug laws. The drug patches are a lot similar to the SCRAMx device only difference is, once you remove the patch, it automatically tests for drugs of many kinds. The patch tests for traces of marijuana, heroin, PCP, cocaine, and methamphetamines.Just like the SCRAMx, the drug patch will alert governance if someone has taken drugs. The drug patch is removed and replaced weekly. The patch takes the sweat and bodily fluids fr om the skin and hair which then is test for drugs on a scanner. House arrest comes into play here because the offender is also wearing the ankle bracelet so authorities know where the offender is located and not violating their parole release. The problem with this technology is that the cost may increase because two different types of electronic monitoring are in use at the same time.As technology becomes more advanced as the years go by, the drug patch should be just like the SCRAMx device. The drug patch should be able to report any signs of drug use to authorities right away 24/7. The drug patch should also be able to determine the location of the offender. The offender should be home or at work while under the drug patch. The final piece of technology with electronic monitoring is the basic house arrest ankle bracelet. This sentence is usually given to misdemeanor offenses and those sentenced to probation or released on parole (Howard 2001). This device is basic and it works ve ry simple.The ankle bracelet is worn by the offender and it gives data and exact location of the offender to a base station device. The offender will most likely have a curfew and has only a current amount of time to go to work and back home. The ankle bracelet will send off alerts to the base station and will alert authorities about the offenders whereabouts. The bracelet will also send out an alert if the device has been tampered with or removed off the offenders ankle. The problem with Electronic Monitoring25 the offender removing the ankle bracelet is that he or she may remove it and attach it onto an wolf passing by.This can throw authorities off and confuse the location of the offender. This device can also be used on sex offenders because they may be prohibited from being around a indisputable area. For example, a child sex offender will receive the house arrest bracelet and may go to work, however, they may not pass by a school filled with children or minors. The ankle br acelet will alert the officials if the offender has passed by a school (Whitefield 1997). The problem with this is that the device cannot detect if children are in the area or hidden in their home.They send an officer to check but some probation officers may be careless and overlook different things. In order to advance technology in this situation, officials should order surveillance cameras in the offenders home to check for inappropriate sexual actions or material in the home. If the offender tampers with the tapes, it will alert authorities that the offender has tampered or removed from its place (Whitefield 1997). Electronic monitoring is best source of technology for tracking down offenders placed under house arrest or taking alcohol or drugs.The technology is basic GPS satellite technology. The types of technology mentioned above are continuing to become more and more advanced as we move on. The technology has its flaws in my opinion however, it can be useful 90 percent of t he time while tracing an offenders every step and what he or she may consume into their bodies. The SCRAMx device has to be the most useful for those who committed DWIs or those with alcoholic problems. However, in general, house arrests are a good way to rehabilitate an offender especially those who committed crimes while intoxicated.It can set them in the right state of mind and change their ways when their sentence is over. Electronic Monitoring26 Appendices polish House arrest- allows a person who is sentenced to a jail term to spend the time at his home as an alternative to being physically confined to jail. Electronic home detention- monitored using an electronic sensor strapped to an offenders ankle and linked by telephone lines to a substitution computer which emits a continuous signal. Probation- literally means testing of behavior or abilities. In a legal sense, an offender on probation is enjoin o follow certain conditions set by the court. GPS Tracker- is a device tha t uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other plus to which it is attached and to record the position of the asset at regular intervals. Electric monitoring- a form of non-surreptitious surveillance consisting of an electronic device attached to a person or vehicle, especially certain criminals, allowing their whereabouts to be monitored. SCRAMx System- combines continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) with house arrest technology in one court-validated device.Now with wireless capabilities, SCRAMx tests for alcohol every 30 minutes, 24/7, monitors curfews and schedules, gives comprehensive information on the entire 24/7 monitoring period. Electronic Monitoring27 Bibliography Bales, W. , Mann, K. , Blomberg, T. , McManus, B. , Dhungana, K. (2010). Electronic Monitoring in Florida. Journal of Offender Monitoring, 22(2), 5-12. Howard, J. (2001). Electronic monitoring. The Reporter. Retrieved from http//www. johnhoward. ab. ca/newsle t/may2001/May2001. pdf Whitefield, D. (1997). Tackling the tag The electronic monitoring of offenders. Waterside Press