Free Will Does Not Exist

God Whether God exists or not is a subject that elicits a debate among the philosophers and advocates of religion. The existence of God is something that receives support from a large section of the society. One thing that makes a lot of people to believe in the existence of God or a supernatural being is the existence of nature and the inability to explain the existence.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Will Does Not Exist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The intellectual knowledge is quite important in explaining and justifying the way certain things exist. However, even the intellectual themselves reach a level where they cannot offer further explanation of the way things happen or exist the way they do. According to Woodman (105), thinking about the existence of God promotes morality in the society. A number of philosophers, dominant among them Karl Marx postulated that that religion and the ex istence of a supernatural being in only but a way of consoling human beings from the miseries that face them. However, even the mere thought of people that God or a supernatural being exists and controls their life is important as far as the embrace of morality in the society is concerned. It cannot be imagined how the society would be is there was no thought in the minds of the people about the existence of God who oversees the actions of deeds of people in the world. Perhaps, the world could be in a total mess with no order and the value of life and no peaceful existence. The rationale behind this observation is that even with the belief that God exists and the alignment of most people to religion, heinous acts against humanity are still highly advanced in the society (Garrett 149). Mind The mind is related to human consciousness and direction in human actions. Therefore, the philosophy of mind is critical in comprehending the attributes of behaviour and patterns of interaction th at are exhibited by human beings in the society. The functioning of the physical human boy is facilitated by the human mind. Therefore, it is worthwhile to argue that the fulcrum of human functioning is the mind. The mind is able to correspond to complex things that take place in the environment. Without the mind, the coordination of human beings could be a daunting thing to attain, meaning that people could be exposed to certain dangers that they could not have been exposed to.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assuming that the mind is fictional as postulated by Hume raises questions about the cognitive abilities of people. Even the ability of people to perceive comes from the fact that the mind can sense and synthesize some things according to the already known facts that are still stored in the same mind. Questions about the existence of certain things are best answered when the mind synthesizes information and releases conclusions that make people make sense of what exists in their surrounding (Preston para 13-15). However, it is also important to note that the mind can be deceiving in the sense that it can synthesize information and point to certain conclusions, which can in turn put people at loggerheads. This observation is based on the fact that the impressions and ideas that are created by the mind differ with individuals (Preston par. 15). Nonetheless, the mind is the creator of ideas, meaning that the many questions about the society can only be answered through the engagement of the mind. Free will Most philosophers and scientists agree with the observation that free will is merely an illusion. What most people refer to as free will is the predestination of the actions. However, in the real sense of the matter, people believe that free will exists in the sense that even amidst the forces that determine actions; people have a choice to act in a certain manner. The most important thing to note is that free will is often linked to making choices and engaging in acts that are valuable to people. Without free will, it would be difficult to explain why people make certain choices and not others. With free will, people easily embrace moral responsibility for the course that they take part in, thereby shaping the society in a positive way (Bloom para. 6-7). The question that comes out here is whether the actions of people are derived from within or from the external forces. According to McCall (488), the external forces play a critical role in determining the acts and actions of individuals in specific matters. McCall brings out the issue of omniscience and supernaturalism as determinants of the actions of people.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Will Does Not Exist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the outside, the society can conceiv e the actions of an individual from the perspective of the choice of the individual to do so, which points to free will. But in essence, there are reasons or might be forces that make people act in that manner. One of them is that they are under the watch of the supernatural being. These external pressure forces are important when it comes to putting pressure on people to do certain things, which they could have wished to do if they were doing it out of what and how they feel. Knowledge Philosophers have been concerned about bringing out the foundations of knowledge in the society. However, the main question by most of them is whether knowledge exists? If at all knowledge exists, then what is the real character of knowledge? These questions are the foundations of the development of the concept of epistemology, which explores the whole issue of knowledge. According to Immanuel Kant, who is one of the philosophers who explored the concept of knowledge, the human mind conceives things that exist in the physical world, as well as things that do not exist in the physical world, but only in the minds. According to Bruce and Barbone (65), knowledge begins with the observation of the physical world and further mental regurgitation of what human beings see through reasoning and the generating of new knowledge. The absence of the physical constructs in the world could have resulted in the lack of generation of knowledge because knowledge itself is developmental in nature. It builds from what is seen and conceived to what has not been seen. This results in what is termed by many people as innovation and invention, which is a proof of the existence of knowledge. The absence of knowledge would imply that the world would have remained the way it was in the first place. The emphasis on the concept of a priori knowledge is critical in explaining the diverse forms of knowledge that are generated in the world.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The natures of observations that are made by people vary with the environment, which results in the generation of different forms of knowledge. This, in turn, changes different things in life (Scherer 860). The ability of people to shape the course of life is based on the diverse way in which the minds conceive things. The absence of knowledge would imply the lack of innovation and invention and a boring life. Right and wrong The rationalization of actions in the society is the main source of the argument between right and wrong. The main arguments among moral philosophers revolve around the justification of actions through the exploration of the course of such actions to classify them as being either right or wrong. Most philosophers dwell on the concept of the greater good at differentiating between wrong and right actions. Research shows that there is a lot of relativity in the classification of actions as either being right or wrong. To this extent, therefore, it can be argued t hat there are no moral principles that are completely objective or absolute in that matter. The other question that comes into the minds of people when talking about right and wrong is the foundation for these two ethical issues. Here, most people bring in the issue of a supernatural being or controller, where absolutism is attained (Maudsley 294). However, it is important to note that the principle of right and wrong in the society has helped to maintain order through the setup of standards on which the actions of individuals are classified as either being right or wrong. An example is the development and enforcement of laws in the society where the actions of individuals are controlled, even through some laws are considered to be wrong. The absence of such control mechanisms could leave an open space for individual rationalization of actions, leading to a disorderly and disorganized society where individual actions could have harmed a lot of people (Lee 47). In this case, it would be harder to sustain a meaningful life in the society, where life would be based on competition that is based on rationalization of actions whether they harm people or not. Works Cited Bloom, Paul. â€Å"Free Will Does Not Exist. So What?† The Chronicle Review. 2012. Web. https://www.chronicle.com/article/paul-bloom-free-will-does-not/131170. Bruce, Michael, and Steven Barbone. Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Print. Garrett, Stephen M. â€Å"Beauty As The Point Of Connection Between Theology And Ethics.† European Journal Of Theology 20.2 (2011): 149-158. Print. Lee, Daniel E. Deciding What’s Right and Wrong in an Age of Pluralism. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, 2002. Print. Maudsley, Henry. Natural Causes and Supernatural Seemings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print. McCall, Storrs. â€Å"Freewill And Omniscience: A Reply To Garrett.† Analysis 73.3 (2013): 488 -488. Print. Preston, Aaron. David Hume’s Treatment of Mind. n.d. Web. https://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Mind/MindPres.htm. Scherer, Irmgard. â€Å"Kant’s Theory Of A Priori Knowledge (Book).† Review Of Metaphysics 55.4 (2002): 860-860. Print. Woodman, Simon. â€Å"‘An Alien In The Land’: A Summary Of Singing The Ethos Of God By Brian Brock.† European Journal Of Theology 18.2 (2009): 105-113. Print. This critical writing on Free Will Does Not Exist was written and submitted by user Diamond Bishop to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Life and Legacy of George Balanchine essays

The Life and Legacy of George Balanchine essays By the time of George Balanchine's untimely passing on April 30th, 1983, this 20th century master of choreography in ballet had created more than 400 works. His name is celebrated in the art world, much as Picasso or Stravinsky. Balanchine was arguably the most influential person in ballet, and his legacy continues to benefit the world of ballet long after George Balanchine was born Georgi Melitonovitch Balanchivadze in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was born the son of a composer, and as such, was exposed to music at any early age, not often experienced by any other composer. At the age of five, Balanchine began to take piano lessons, and at nine years old, "he was accepted into the ballet section of St. Petersburg's rigorous Imperial Theater School, and, with other young students, was soon appearing on the stage of the famed Maryinsky Theater in such spectacles as The Sleeping Beauty." ("George Balanchine, 1904-1983") While dancing, the multitalented Balanchine enrolled in the Petrograd Conservatory of Music, where for three years, he studied piano, music theory, composition, harmony, and counterpoint. ("SAB Biography") During the Russian Revolution, Balanchine oftentimes played the piano in cabarets or at silent movie houses for bread. It was this broad musical schooling that allowed Balanchine, as a choreographer, to communicate so effectively with the composers he worked with. In addition, he utilized this training to make piano reduction of orchestral scores, which helped him in translating music to dance. ("George Balanchine, 1904-1983") As a teenager, Balanchine began to work on choreography. His first piece, La Nuit, a pas de deux, was set to the music of Anton Rubinstein, and was created for himself and a female student. He staged one work for the Corps de Ballet entitled Enigmas, however he was more focused on choreographic experiments outside...

Integrations and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrations and reflection - Essay Example My skills and abilities has increased through this session as I am now able to analyze situations well and also at the same time I am able to critically evaluate different situations.. My knowledge in terms of business and its supporting factors has increased and now I am able to understand well the business cases and even solve cases on my own. This session has been able to make me more confident and now I feel I can talk more openly and express myself well in comparison to what I was before this session. During the session I was appointed as the team leader of my class and I did not manage a team of 30 students in order to design a realistic business plan which can be implemented in the real world. I tried my best and was able to deliver the required conditions for the plan as stated by my teacher with the support of team members. However I feel as a leader I could have performed well through effectively managing my team in order to reduce the conflicts that took place within my team. I personally did not understand well the topics related to business finance. This was because of the factor that financial management that was taught in the class was very subjective in nature and there were less of practical life examples that would have helped me to analyze financial situations of a company (Dlabay and Burrow, 2007). The course can be modified by incorporating more of companies as examples so that we can analyze its financial situations and also at the same time think of probable solutions. I feel that this course would prove to very beneficial for long run as it encompasses all the subjects that are very essential for handling situations in the business environment. The ways through which I can measure the effect of this course is through my ranks and marks in this particular field and the recognitions I achieve in the future. I have been able to achieve the outcomes of the course as now I think that my analytical skills have improved and I am being able

Is apple iPhone really worth buying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is apple iPhone really worth buying - Essay Example 2. Procedure In order to gather information for this report the method used was the review of books from academic libraries, online journals, newspaper articles and reviews given on IPhone and competing mobile devices. This is the most appropriate method bearing in mind the smart phone industry is very dynamic and the internet is the only reliable source of up to date information. Moreover, there being little time to carry out a primary research and the high expenses associated with it, literature review was the most appropriate secondary research method. 3. Introduction on IPhone Inc In 2007, Apple, under the leadership of Steve jobs introduced the IPhone which turned out to be one of the most revolutionary mobile gadgets of the century, over the course of the next two years; the IPhone 3G was also launched into the smartphone market (Richie, 2013). The devices offered better technology at significantly reduced prices and effectively took command of the huge portion of the smart pho ne market beginning the smart phone revolution that persist to-date. The smart phone evolution was taken up a level higher by the subsequent introduction of the IPhone 4 and 5 and Apple currently ranks as the second biggest producer and market of smartphones globally. The initial smart phone cost $499 and although the debut price was considerably high, it was not the priciest phone on the market and it cost substantially less than some of the older but less developed mobile device on the market. However, this price proved too high to penetrate the mainstream market and as a result, the phones were mostly limited to an upper and middle class corporate and personal clientele. The second IPhone flagship model was the IPhone 4 series that offered significant improvements from the earlier 3G, and through it Apple introduced optical lamination, an interplane switching effectively scaled over the matching display sizes offered by the completion (Richie, 2013). Despite the challenges the de vice faced in the marketing as well as some technical difficulties, it was stated as the best smart phone ever by many. The latest model of IPhone, IPhone 5 was introduced in 2012 September (William 2013), and it was bigger smarter, lighter faster and the firm had used the experience from the glitches in previous IPhones to make the new one as flawless as possible. Customers received it enthusiastically and although its sales did not match rival Samsung galaxy III, they still performed considerably well on selling their phone (Gruman 2012). 4. Challenges facing the IPhone 4.1 Radical and Regular Upgrades Apple releases a new IPhone every year but despite that, many customers do not upgrade, but a significant number of customers have retained their IPhone 4 models owing to economic or speculative reasons (Swift 2010). Therefore, this problem is likely to keep affecting many of the firm’s clients and when they decide to make a shift, they may opt to buy a phone from a different firm such as Samsung or Microsoft. Apple customers often have to struggle to catch up with the firm’s rapid and on occasion drastic hardware upgrades (Associated Press 2013). Apples upgrades vary form one model to the other; however sometimes, the changes can be very subtle such that the newer is only slightly different or

Service Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Service Quality Management - Essay Example Doing things right all the time also involves making sure their service is fit for purpose, and that the service is what the customer is expecting. In an environment where customers are faced with increasing choice, getting this concept right is very important. Time is also a commodity for customers and therefore organisations need to ensure that their service delivery is fast and minimises the waiting period for customers, and this includes queue management. The ability to deliver on time and to the right specifications enhances an organisation's dependability advantage, as customers prefer consistency in their suppliers. Another important aspect of service delivery is the flexibility advantage, which goes hand in hand with choice. Most service organisations will offer variety and flexibility in a bid to stop their customer from going to one of their competitors. Another final important aspect of the service delivery process is the cost advantage which means costing its services appropriately and ensuring the cost reflects the quality of the service provided. This essay shall analyse service delivery at Top Shop which is a clothing retailer to illustrate the importance of this concept, and will proceed with a critical evaluation of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in relation to service delivery. Top Shop is one of the Uni... These fashions also come in a wide variety and have limited store availability times attached to them, which further increases the perceived value and quality of the clothing items. In a bid to diversify, Top Shop has launched its Top Shop To Go service in London which is a free personal shopping service that aims to bring requested styles, colours and sizes to a location of the customer's choice, be it the home, office or hotel room. This service also gives the shopper the opportunity to try on clothes, and receive guidance and advice from the style advisor in their own surroundings. This service is very similar to the Ann Summers and Virgin Vie parties, which brings groups of people together in one place, and the Top Shop representative can effectively market to this group. This setting also introduces new customers and is more likely to generate sales of the new customers, due to social pressure, especially if everyone else in the group has purchased an items or items. This is an extension and improvement to Top Shop's service delivery channels, which it views as necessary in order for it to stay ahead of its competitors. Top Shop is a fashion retailer based on the high street, with service delivery though the internet and its new service, Top Shop To Go. This means that the customers come to Top Shop, as they are in control the demand. Therefore locating in a central location, which is accessible such as the high street, will ensure that Top Shop makes itself visible to all potential customers. The internet is another channel for service delivery, however, this could never be the sole channel, as customers still prefer to try on clothes and shoes before

Impact of Information Technology on the Military

Impact of Information Technology on the Military LT MUHAMMAD AMIRUL ZIKRI BIN TUMPANG IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ROYAL ARMOUR CORPS IT, stands for Information Technology, and is pronounced I.T. It refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies. Many companies now have IT departments for managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. IT jobs include computer programming, network administration, computer engineering, Web development, technical support, and many other related occupations. Since we live in the information age, information technology has become a part of our everyday lives. That means the term IT, already highly overused, is here to stay. What is information? This is processed data with a meaning or an organized, meaningful and useful interpretation of data. And what is technology? Technology is humans using objects (tools, machines, systems, and materials) to change the natural and human-made environment. Technology has always been an important part of war. Today, with information technology situated as the defining technology of our age it should be no surprise that IT (information technology) is a central part of war making. In fact, the US military has officially determined that information is the main force multiplier in battle, more important than numerical superiority or force of fire, the old standards. This is because, in the US militarys view, we now have the information technologies that cannot just make a crucial difference in battle, in terms of precision weapons, intelligence, and command and control, but that these technologies might actually allow the fog (uncertainly) of war to be dispelled so that total, almost painless victories, might be won against many opponents. The aim of this paper is to explain the impact of information technology to the Royal Armour Corps and does it giving any advantages to the corps. Before we go any further on this topic, we need to know the history of this information technology. Information technology has been around from a long, long time ago. Basically as long as people have been around, information technology has been around because there were always a lot of ways to communicate through technology available at that point in time. There are four main ages that divided up the history of information technology. Only the latest age (electronic) and some of electromechanical age really affects us today, but it is important for us to learn about how we got to the point we are at with today technologies. There are four stages revolution on the information technology: a. Premechanical b. Mechanical c. Electromechanical d. Electronic The premechanical age is the earliest age of information technology development. It can be defined as time in between 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D. We are talking about a long, long time ago. Humans first started communicating between each other using language or simple picture drawings known as petroglyphs which were usually carved on the rock. Early alphabets were developed such as the Phoenician alphabet. As alphabets became more popular and more people were writing information down, pens and paper began to be developed by humans. In the early, it started off as just marks in wet clay, but later on paper was created out of the papyrus plant. The most popular kind of paper produced is probably made by the Chinese who made it out of rags. Now that people were writing a lot of information down, they needed ways to keep it in a permanent storage. This is when the first books and libraries are developed between those times. You have probably heard about the Egyptian scrolls which were popular ways to write down information to save. Some groups of people actually binding all the paper together into a book-like form. The first numbering system used is during this period of times. Around 100 A.D. was when the first 1 to 9 system was created by people from the India. However, it was not until 875 A.D. (775 years later) that the number 0 was invented. And now that numbers were created, people wanted stuff to do with them so they created the calculators. A calculator was the very first sign of an information processor known. The popular model of calculator during that time was the abacus. The mechanical age is when we first start to relate the connections between our current technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the time between 1450 A.D. and 1840 A.D. A lot of new technologies are developed as there is a large explosion in interest with this area. Technologies like the slide rule (an analog computer used for multiplying and dividing numbers) were created. Blaise Pascal has invented the Pascaline which was a very popular mechanical computer during that time. Charles Babbage has developed the difference engine which can tabulate polynomial equations using the method of finite differences. There were lots of different machines created during that period of times and while we have not yet gotten to a machine that can do more than one type of calculation in one, like our modern-day calculators, we are still learning on about how all of our all-in-one machines started from the beginning. Also, if you look at the size of the machines invented during that era compared to the power behind them it seems (to us) that it is absolutely ridiculous to understand why anybody would want to use them, but to all the people living in that time, ALL of these inventions were HUGE. Now we are finally getting close to some technologies that resemble our modern-day technology nowadays. The electromechanical age can be defined as the time between 1840 A.D. and 1940 A.D. These are the beginnings of the telecommunication. The telegraph system was created in the early 1800s. Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in the 1835. The telephone (one of the most popular forms of communication ever made) was created by Alexander Graham Bell in the 1876. The first ever radio were developed by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894. All of these were extremely crucial emerging technologies that have led us to a big advance in the information technology field. The first large-scale automatic digital computer ever in the United States was the Mark 1 computer created by Harvard University around 1940. This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons; it is totally HUGE and heavy. It was programmed by using punch cards. How does your PC today match up to this hunk of metal? It was from these huge machines that people began to look at downsizing all of the parts available to first make them usable by businesses and eventually in your own home. The electronic age is what we currently live in nowadays. It can be defined as the time between the 1940 until now. The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital computer that capable to be reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for the artillery firing tables. This machine was even bigger than the Mark 1 taking around 680 square feet and weighing 30 tons. It mainly used the vacuum tubes to do its calculations. There are 4 main sections on digital computing. The first was the era of using vacuum tubes and punch cards like the ENIAC and Mark 1. Rotating magnetic drums were used for the internal storage. The second generation replaced the vacuum tubes with transistors, punch cards were replaced with the magnetic tape, and rotating magnetic drums were replaced by magnetic cores for internal storage of the computers. Also during this time, a high-level programming language was created such as FORTRAN and COBOL. The third generation replaced the transistors with integrated circuits, magnetic tape was still used throughout all computers, and the magnetic core turned into metal oxide semiconductors. An actual operating system was showed up during this time along with the BASIC advanced programming language. The fourth and latest generation has brought in the CPUs (central processing units) which contained memory, logic, and the control circuits all on a single chip. The personal computer was devel oped then (Apple II). The graphical user interface (GUI) was also developed. There is a lot more happened to all of these generations and ages but all we need to know is a just a rough overview on this. There are several characteristic of good information and technology. The following are all the characteristics. Good information: It has to be accurate Must be relevant to basic purposes Complete in respect to the key elements of the problem It has to be Timely (should be communicated in time to be used ) It has to be consistent and reliable It has to be Up-to-date Easy to understand It has to be tailored to the needs of managers and end users. Technology: Technology is human knowledge Technology uses tools, materials and systems. Its application will result into artifacts (human-made things ) Technology is developed by people to modify their environment. Information technology is important in the military operation including the Royal Armour Corps. These technologies convenience are connecting the commander and their subordinates. The connection is very important since both of them needs to communicate between each other to locate the position of the enemy, their own location, a place to make a hide and other information that they need to know and acknowledge. For the improvements that Malaysian Army had done for the Royal Armour Corps is the new installments of the SOTAS. It stands for Signal On Board Two Wire Audio System. This radio advantages is that it have a crystal clear communications, the size, weight and power that can be produced by this radio, the interoperability of the radio and many other feature that can gives us a boost for using it. SOTAS consists of a family of modular components that can be assembled and called to create perfectly fitting configurations for all vehicle types and missions. A light vehicles intercom only requires a single SOTAS unit. Larger and more complex systems are created by adding User Stations, Network Nodes, software packages and hardware option modules. Other than the SOTAS unit, Malaysian Army have made an upgrades for the PT-91M (Pendekar) tank by equipping it with a Battlefield Managements System. The key features of this new system is that it provides automatized reporting and graphical orders dissemination, integrated to secure data communications, IP interfaces for other communications media, peripheral interface for sensor displays. The capabilities for Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition are also the main key features that made Malaysia to buy the systems. The main characteristics of this systems is the integrated vehicular station for sharing situational awareness, can adapt and customize functionalities to roles and missions, scalable from battalion to dismounted soldier and mission preparation package with relevant cartography tools. The growth improvements of these information technologies have lead us to a new stage of warfare which is the information warfare. Most modern political and military C2 systems are based on high speed communications and computers. It follows that this information infrastructure, also known as an infosphere, will be the arena in which information warfare is waged. Any system or person who participates in the C2 process will be a potential target in an IW campaign. All of the countries have improved their information technology systems just to compete with other armed forces to secure their communications and prevents others from sabotaging it. Information warfare, simply put, is an orchestrated effort to achieve victory by subverting or neutralizing an enemy command and control (C2) system, while protecting use of C2 systems to coordinate the actions of friendly forces. A successful IW campaign seizes initiative from an enemy commander; the IW campaign allows allied forces to operate at a much higher tempo than an enemy can react to. The threat that already being posed by other countries is significantly high, since they have a far more advanced technology such as the ability to jam the communication by using aircraft as for the EA-6B Prowler. The aircraft is the primary tactical jamming aircraft of the US Navy, US Air Force and the US Marine Corps. So we need a prevention action from this kind of jamming method so that our information is not cut out and can be secured. Information is very important for the military since it can immobilize the entire forces down. Without the importance of information technology awareness, we will always take it for granted and not looking this as a major threat. While other countries have taken a big steps in improving their information and communications security. They have seen this problem as a major threat that can jeopardize their operations if they make it vulnerable to others and to let others take advantages of it. Information Warfare has significant implications for modern military theory. Under Information Warfare, the enemy soldier no longer constitutes a major target. It will focus on preventing the enemy soldier from talking to his commander. Without coordinated action, an enemy force becomes an unwieldy mob, and a battle devolves to a crowd-control issue. In the not too distant future, computer weapon systems will conduct software strikes against the enemy infosphere to disrupt command and control. Targets will be chosen for military, political or economic significance. IW opens new doors throughout the spectrum of conflict to achieve tactical, operational and strategic objectives. Malaysian Army needs to make their information security is at a high level just to prevent the enemy from taking an advantages from our communications problems. References: http://www.iwar.org.uk/iwar/resources/airchronicles/crawford.htm https://www.thalesgroup.com/sites/default/files/asset/document/fol_0260_05_12_sotas.pdf https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/canada/defence/tactical-battlefield-management-systems-t-bms-commnder http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/prowler/ http://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/ar25-1.pdf http://www.useoftechnology.com/importance-functions-information-technology/

Definition of Culture Essay example -- Papers Definition Cultural Desc

With a diverse population existing in the United States today, our country is a melting pot of different cultures, each one unique in its own respect. Culture, distinguishing one societal group from another, includes beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, art, fashion styles, food, religion, politics, and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever changing processes of learning, creativity, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A culture?s significance is so profound that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. ?Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us? (Henslin, 1993). Trying to define the complex term of culture with varying elements of distinguishable characteristics is a difficult task. Perhaps, a description of a culture would be easier to explain. For instance, an Iranian woman has just appeared in your office for services and it is immediately evident that her culture is very different than yours. First, her dark colored clothing covers her entire body from head to toe...

The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured

Jeff Stephens Dr. Swenson English 2111 11-22-11 The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured, but Ever Lasting You may have read the story many times; you may have even watched the live-action movie or animated film, but only a few have been able to discern the unique traits inherent in The Thousand and One Nights. Willis G. Regier, a writer for World Literature Today, wrote that â€Å"the Nights has been read, admired, studied, illustrated, adapted for the stage, and Disneyfied† (321).The traits that I would like you to remember are how I used interruption to structure the story and how I implemented love within the stories to help me win back King Shahrayar’s trust and pacify his fear of psychosexual replacement. While telling the king stories of grandeur and impossibility, I snuck in little snippets of truth and morality. Richard Burton, once said, â€Å"Without the nights, no Arabian nights,† by which he meant that in dividing the story into separate e venings it was given structure and without that structure The Arabian Nights would be no more than a collection of short stories (qtd. n Van Leeuwen 183). Burton could not have been any more correct. However, I would also like to point out that without the nights themselves, my own story would have ended long before the king changed his mind in the case of my death sentence. Structure in a story like The Arabian Nights is like the branches of a tree that bears fruit; not every branch will produce the fruit, but all the branches will have leaves to help collect the energy to make the fruit.In the same way that a tree bears its fruit, my mini-stories bear the fruit of change within King Shahrayar’s heart. Through my stories, I was able to help the king reclaim some of the hope, understanding, and even love that he had once lost because of his unfaithful wife. I also showed him that women could yet be good and kind, faithful and true, and be intelligent without the wickedness wh ich so many other storytellers have been unwilling to show over the centuries.Van Leeuwen wrote an excellent article that mentions how odd it must seem in my breaking up the stories with the nights, but he also says that by breaking them up I multiplied the dimensions and meanings within the stories themselves and gave a kind of fluidity to the whole thing. I like Van Leeuwen’s interpretation of my actions. He describes the most basic interruption as the break between the fantasy world of the stories that I tell and the world of the frame story in which I, myself, take part. Incidentally, he did his homework on the subject.During that time it was quite usual for my people to use frame stories in order to create a more profound and comprehensive anthology. In using these frame stories, rather than teaching a lesson directly to the listener, we can teach vicariously through the understanding of the frame story’s characters’ understandings. When I decided to try an d save the rest of the kingdom’s women from our vengeful king I knew that a direct approach would never work, so I had to drop him coy little hints in the form of fairytales, bedtime stories, and religious parables and sayings.Although a king be a foolish man, it doesn’t make him less of a king, it just means he is less of a man. So, using the art of interruptive story telling has been around for a very long time, even long before my own time, but Van Leeuwen has a much better grasp on the many useful techniques that using frame stories and interruptive techniques can yield as well as how they help to structure a story by allowing intervals between different perspectives.Van Leeuwen also describes how the stories that I told King Shahrayar could be directly related to the frame story in which he experiences so many wrongs on behalf of women. My poor husband was practically raped by a woman being held captive by a demon, he was cheated on in his own home by his wife and a common servant, and he watched as his brother suffered the same disgrace in multiplicity. Van Leeuwen says, â€Å"As a mechanism for the generation of meanings, the juxtaposition of viewpoints enhances the cycle’s character as an initiation into new forms of knowledge† (185).Throughout the stories there are always several characters that give an account from their own perspective about what has happened in the past in order to help the reader’s and the protagonist’s understanding of the problem and how to remedy the situation properly. When I told the story about the fisherman and the demon, for instance, the demon was fixated on killing the fisherman because no one else had come to release him in hundreds of years. However, the way the fisherman saw it, the demon owed him a reward for being the one to release him after so much time.Allowing both parties to speak their thoughts about the situation in conversation made it much easier to discern a mediat ion point. In other words, knowing both sides of the story helped to rectify the situation amicably for both parties in the end. I was trying the show the king that jumping to conclusions is never a good way to solve a problem. His ex-wife’s betrayal leads him to pronounce vows with a new woman each day and then break those vows by killing them the next so that they would not have a chance to betray him first.I was able to slowly give meaningful and constructive criticism of King Shahrayar’s decisions over the course of many nights and because of that criticism he changed on the inside. He became whole again, with an understanding that he had found a woman (myself) that would never betray him. Throughout my Thousand and One Nights, love is a catalyst to reveal the true nature of the person within a given character, because love defines us. Love of one’s self versus love for others, love of money versus love of one’s family, love for love’s sake ver sus love for the sake of sex and wiles.Wills G. Regier pointed out that â€Å"Love is everywhere†, and I could not agree more. Within every expression of love there is a story to be told about those involved and the feeling of love in and of itself. I told King Shahrayar stories of this sort each night, some with violence and murder, some with mystery and suspense, and some with sexual escapades. OK, a lot with sexual escapades. I practically bored the man to sleep some nights! I had to improvise to continue to keep his interest in my stories, but I always tried to find ways to wrap them up with love.My king seemed to have forgotten what love really was, so I needed to remind him of the feeling he so desperately sought even if, to begin with, it was sought unconsciously. Regier actually nailed it when he said that I gave King Shahrayar spiritual instruction a couple of times (311). I was attempting to do just that by reciting proverbs and Muhammad’s sayings. I was atte mpting (and apparently successfully so) to help him regain his moralistic views and understandings of the world. Love plays a large role in one’s understanding of how people view each other and how and why the react in the ways that they do.He needed to understand that part of why he reacted to his ex-wife in such an over-the-top manner was because he loved her so much that it hurt him more deeply than anything had ever hurt him before. He needed to understand that love and the loss of love was what drove him to such drastic measures. John J. Brugaletta wrote an interesting essay about my stories regarding the different allegorical properties from which new knowledge could be gleaned when comparing the situations in the stories to situations in real life (7).He was right, I was providing stories that the king could relate to at the time. There seemed to be some ominous trend in the women of my day to be more sexually attracted to black men. Honestly, it was probably more to d o with the fact that black slaves tended to be in better physical condition than the white nobility, sitting in their lush palaces, eating meat and drinking wine all day, and going on hunts for pleasure rather than out of necessity. Some of King Shahrayar’s emotional issues undoubtedly stemmed from his seeming fear of â€Å"psychosexual† replacement by the black slaves.Brugaletta says that â€Å"the societies in which this book took form were preoccupied with a sense of inadequacy in sexual competition with blacks† (6). One way or another, every story could be directly proportionalized with King Shahrayar’s own life-experiences. I engineered the stories to reflect King Shahrayar’s mishaps in a kind-of worse-case scenario type of schema to help him reconcile with his unhappiness and help him to understand that while his wife was at fault in cheating on him, so was he in his exacting vengeance upon all the women of his kingdom because of one womanâ⠂¬â„¢s infidelity.While my king and husband listened to my stories, I was able to postpone my own demise and prevent others from falling to the same fate as my predecessors. As long as I kept the man intrigued, the king stayed his bloody hands. I showed him through my stories that he was missing out on living life and he understood that although he had become an angry, bitter tyrant, he could change his ways and become a loving husband and king again. Through my stories, he was able to trust women and believe in their goodness again. Works Cited Brugaletta, John J. The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. † Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-6. Literary Reference Center. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. Lawall, Sarah N. , and Maynard Mack. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second ed. Vol. B. New York: Norton, 2002. Print. Leeuwen, Richard Van. â€Å"The Art Of Interruption: The Thousand And One Nights And Jan Potocki. † Middle Eastern Literatures 7. 2 (2004): 183-198. Ac ademic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. Regier, Wills G. â€Å"Shahrazad's New Clothes. † World Literature Today 84. 2 (2010): 30-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.

Raymonds Run Essay Example

Raymonds Run Essay Example Raymonds Run Paper Raymonds Run Paper Flowers for Algerian, is about a mentally disabled man who undergoes an experimental operation to make him smart. Underlying this story is a number of themes about human life and personal interactions. ESSAY Write an essay about one of the major themes you found in either story explain how the author uses that theme to create realistic characters and a realistic story. Using at least three items from the list below, explain how the author weaves literary elements into the story to rather strengthen the overall theme you discuss. Your Job for this essay Is to pick a theme and teach It through three of literary elements. Literary Elements List Tone Irony Foreshadowing Voice Style Point of View Setting Narration Conflict Word Choice Each of those elements makes the story stronger, Structure but they also help teach the major theme of the story. Toni Cadre Bambina wanted us to learn something from Raymond Run, and we came up with a list of some of those themes Bullying only makes others stronger. Mentally challenged people should be rated with kindness and respect. Siblings protect each other at all costs. Hard work and dedication are rewarded. What we see in others helps us to better understand ourselves. Be careful how you treat others. Daniel Keyes wanted us to learn something from Flowers for Algerian, and we came up with a list of some of those themes Mentally challenged people should be treated equally. You shouldnt take advantage of people. Choose your friends carefully. Quick fixes might not be worth it. People arena who they appear to be on the surface. Be careful of who you become. Dont pretend to be someone/something youre not. Dont further disable the disabled. Your job for this essay is to pick a theme from one of the above and teach it through three of literary elements. Therefore, your paper should look similar to this Introduction Paragraph Name the story, the author and give a brief description of what the story is about. Explain the major theme or themes the author taught us through the story. Make a list of at least three literary elements used to help us understand the story. Body Paragraph 1 This paragraph should be about the iris literary element from your list explain how the author uses the writing skill to show us the theme. Explain using the color-coded writing method weve been discussing In class. Use (R/D/F) Reasons/Details/Facts. Explain what the element means, and give as many (E) examples you can and provide evidence from the text. Body Paragraph 2 Repeat, but with the second element from your list. Body Paragraph.

Man Ray essays

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Environmental Heat Policy Brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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The Efficacy of Direct Mail Marketing and Internet Marketing Research Paper

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